异质性环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响机制——基于能源消费结构的调节作用

为探讨能源消费结构调节下异质性环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响机制，论文利用SBM方向距离函数测得全国各省市“经济-资源-环境-社会”四位一体的绿色全要素生产率，并将环境规制工具分为命令控制型、经济激励型、治理投入型和公众参与型4类，构建了空间杜宾模型以及门槛效应模型，进而得出在能源消费结构调节下，异质性环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的直接作用、间接作用以及空间溢出效应。研究结果表明：1）经济激励型和公众参与型环境规制通过调节能源消费结构对当地和邻地的绿色全要素生产率产生影响；2）在门槛检验方面，能源消费结构对命令控制型、经济激励型和公众参与型环境规制影响绿色全要素生产率存在门槛效应，同时在能源消费结构调节下，命令控制型和经济激励型环境规制对其本身对绿色全要素生产率的间接作用存在门槛效应。建议政府在制定环境规制时要考虑到其与能源消费结构的交互作用，并且在不同能源消费水平地区采用适宜的规制方法和强度，以更好地发挥环境规制作用。     

高强不锈钢绞线网与ECC黏结-滑移关系模型

高强不锈钢绞线网与ECC的黏结是二者协同工作的基础，且黏结 滑移关系模型是其黏结性能的综合反映，故通过对17组51个高强不锈钢绞网增强ECC薄板试件进行单边拉拔试验，研究横向钢绞线间距、纵向钢绞线直径和相对锚固长度等因素对钢绞线网在ECC中黏结性能的影响规律。试验结果表明，横向钢绞线的设置可使黏结破坏由脆性破坏转变为延性破坏；高强不锈钢绞线网与ECC的黏结滑移曲线可分为5个阶段，分别为上升段、微降段、延性强化段、下降段和残余段。基于试验结果，对钢绞线网在ECC中的黏结破坏特征和黏结 滑移机理进行分析，在相关黏结-滑移关系模型的基础上，提出钢绞线网与ECC的黏结 滑移关系模型，并进行模型参数分析。所提模型及模型参数计算公式与试验结果吻合良好，能较好地反映钢绞线网与ECC的界面黏结滑移特征。     

引江济巢工程对改善巢湖水质的数值模拟分析

巢湖受周围城市工业化及农业生产迅速发展的影响,湖区及流域的生态环境发生了巨大变化,尤其是近几年巢湖水质达到重富营养化水平。引江济巢工程是改善巢湖水质的重要工程措施,采用EFDC生态动力学模型模拟了巢湖不同调水流量、调水线路、调水时间对水环境的影响。结果表明,引江济巢工程在一定程度、时间上使巢湖湖区水质发生一定程度的改善,但若入湖水质不达标,调水也增加了巢湖的富营养化风险。     

辉县部分景区地质灾害危险性评估及防治措施研究

为了给辉县景区减灾防灾提供地质依据,根据实际工程概况,研究了辉县部分景区地质灾害危险性预测评估及防治措施,预测评估了工程建设中、建设后可能引发或加剧地质灾害危险性,建设工程自身可能遭受已存在地质灾害危险性;评估了地质灾害危险性综合分区以及根据地质灾害危险性、防治难度和防治效益,对评估区适宜性作出评价,提出了防治地质灾害的措施和建议。     

大坝服役非概率可靠性分析方法

针对大坝服役可靠性影响因子具有非概率不确定特征的情况,建立了定量刻画大坝服役可靠性非概率影响因子的Info-gap模型,运用Info-gap决策理论和体积比非概率可靠性度量方法,提出了大坝服役非概率可靠性分析方法,拟定了大坝服役非概率目标可靠度。应用提出的非概率方法分析了某大坝结构服役可靠性,各功能模式可靠性分析结果说明了该方法的工程适用性,同时也验证了所拟定大坝服役非概率目标可靠度的合理性。     

Short communication: In vitro rumen gas production and starch degradation of starch-based feeds depend on mean particle size

Our objective was to model the effect of mean particle size (mPS) on in vitro rumen starch degradation (IVSD) and the kinetics of gas production for different starch-based feeds. For each feed, 2 batches of the same grains were separately processed through 2 different mills (cutter or rotor speed mills), with or without different screens to achieve a wide range of mPS (0.32 to 3.31 mm for corn meals; 0.19 to 2.81 mm for barley meals; 0.16 to 2.13 mm for wheat meals; 0.28 to 2.32 mm for oat meals; 0.21 to 2.36 mm for rye meals; 0.40 to 1.79 for sorghum meals; 0.26 to 4.71 mm for pea meals; and 0.25 to 4.53 mm for faba meals). The IVSD data and gas production kinetics, obtained by fitting to a single-pool exponential model, were analyzed using a completely randomized design, in which the main tested effect was mPS (n = 6 for all tested meals, except n = 7 for corn meals and n = 5 for sorghum meals). Rumen inocula were collected from 2 fistulated Holstein dairy cows that were fed a total mixed ration consisting of 16.2% crude protein, 28.5% starch, and 35.0% neutral detergent fiber on a dry matter basis. The IVSD, evaluated after 7 h of rumen incubation, decreased linearly with increasing mPS for corn, barley, wheat, rye, pea, and faba meals, and decreased quadratically with increasing mPS for the other meals. The y-axis intercept for 7-h IVSD was below 90% starch for corn, barley, and rye feeds and greater than 90% for the other tested feeds. The mPS adjustment factors for the rate of rumen starch degradation varied widely among the different tested feeds. We found a linear decrease in starch degradation with increasing mPS for barley, wheat, rye, and pea meals, whereas we noted a quadratic decrease in starch degradation for the other tested meals. Further, we observed a linear decrease in the rate of gas production with increasing mPS in each tested feed, except for pea meal, which had a quadratic relationship. For each 1 mm increase in mPS, the gas production was adjusted by ?0.009 h^?1 for corn, ?0.011 h^?1 for barley, ?0.008 h^?1 for wheat, and ?0.006 h^?1 for faba, whereas numerically greater adjustments were needed for oat (?0.022 h^?1), rye (?0.017 h^?1), and sorghum (?0.014 h^?1). These mPS adjustment factors could be used to modify the starch-based feed energy values as a function of mean particle size, although in vivo validation is required.     

Reduced basis method for managed pressure drilling based on a model with local nonlinearities

To circumvent restrictions of conventional drilling methods, such as slow control actions and inability to drill depleted reservoirs, a drilling method called managed pressure drilling (MPD) has been developed. In MPD, single-phase flow processes can be modeled as a feedback interconnection of a high-order linear system and a low-order nonlinear system. These nonlinearities appear locally both inside and at the boundaries of the computational domain. To obtain a fast simulation platform for real-time purposes (eg, online model-based controller implementation), model order reduction is required for MPD. However, the local nonlinearities render applying model order reduction techniques challenging. In this study, a new approach is proposed to deal with such nonlinearities within the reduced basis (RB) context and it is successfully tested on a model for MPD. Contrary to the classical RB technique, the proposed approach not only does not generate nonphysical spikes at the locations of these local nonlinearities but also yields high speedup factors. The obtained reduced-order model can be used for efficient online simulation and controller design for drilling systems with MPD.     

小型特种精细化工过程自动化和信息化研究发展趋势探讨

针对采取小批量间歇性批次生产方式、工艺介质腐蚀性强、危险性大的小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验过程自动化、信息化程度不高，导致工艺研究试验中获取数据较少、过程机理研究不够透彻、人工操作多、安全风险高、研究试验消耗大及效率不高等问题，综述了期待通过智能控制、在线分析、模拟仿真和虚拟制造、工况监测及预测性维护以及信息管理和生产调度等关键技术的研究和应用，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的自动化和信息化程度，实现小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化、虚拟化和智能化，降低生产安全风险和试验消耗，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验的成功率和效率，达到小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化设计和精准生产的目标。     

基于双应力加速寿命试验的关节轴承寿命预测与可靠性分析

自润滑关节轴承寿命主要是由衬垫的磨损性能决定的,但衬垫的磨损一般是非线性的,使得寿命难以预测。采用同时改变载荷和摆频2种应力的方法进行加速寿命试验,建立以pv值、磨损量退化数据为输入参数,寿命值为输出参数的灰色神经网络预测模型。经验证该预测模型对关节轴承寿命预测的最大误差仅为7.33%,平均误差仅为3.892%。对不同加速应力下自润滑关节轴承可靠性进行评估,结果表明,关节轴承的可靠性在L_(10)(可靠度为90%时的寿命)之前下降趋势缓慢,然后迅速下降,pv值越大可靠性下降越迅速;随着pv值的增大,关节轴承寿命近似呈指数下降,经验证可用逆幂率加速模型反映二者关系。